From Single Partyism to Multipartyism in Tanzania: Reality, Challenges and Lessons

Abstract

This study attempts to examine the challenges that Tanzania has encountered since the introduction of a multiparty system in 1992.    It also seeks to discern major lessons that could be learned from that experience.  The study argues that contextually (socio-economic and political), Tanzania distinguishes itself from its two East African neighbours (Kenya and Uganda).  The article posits that contextual differences constitute one of the major factors shaping patterns of transition.  Among the major contextual factors shaping patterns of transition.  Among the major contextual factors include a different model of one-party authoritarian rule characterised by an extensive degree of party penetration  in society, as well as a high degree of politicisation and indoctrination of the bureaucracy and military establishments – institutions that are behaviourally yet to be reformed so as to be in conformity with the spirit of multiparty politics.  Among the formidable challenges confronting multiparty politics in Tanzania include the legal and behavioural transformation of the civil service, and defence and security establishments, dealing with the rising religious tensions as well as finding a viable solution to the stateness pertaining to the contested structure of the Union between Tanganyika and Zanzibar